This term can and often does overlap with the Internet of Things (IoT), which broadly refers to Internet-connected devices (though some smart home devices can function on a local network).Ī variety of smart home technologies are becoming commercially available and are on the cusp of widespread deployment. We use the term “smart home” to refer to a home that contains computing devices that assist with automation, remote usage, and/or sensing for domestic use. Our interviews also surfaced challenges that arise during the long-term use of smart devices: for example, what happens-or what should happen-when children grow up or house occupants change? From these and other findings, we distill lessons and recommendations for smart home designers, as well as identify opportunities for future research. This limited concern may be due to selection bias: our participants, mostly smart home drivers, may have been unaware of other or more serious concerns held by more passive users. At the same time, we were surprised to find limited reports of concern about privacy between people in the home. For example, we often observe a concentration of expertise, access, and control with the person who selects and installs smart devices in a home, which extends and reinforces prior work (e.g., ). Our findings (Section 4) reveal tensions that arise among a variety of stakeholders-including parents and children, roommates, partners, and non-occupants-and across several phases of smart device selection, installation, and use. These participants were largely “smart home drivers”, who make key decisions about device installation and use.įigure 1: Smart Home Usage Timeline: Our study reveals multi-user tensions and interactions at several points during device installation and use. In this work, we systematically study the interactions between multiple people in contemporary, deployed smart homes, asking: What tensions and challenges arise between multiple people? How do existing smart device and platform designs exacerbate and mitigate these issues? And how should smart device and platform designers best take into account these complex relationships and interactions? We investigate these questions using a mixed methods approach, combining qualitative interviews with experience sampling over a three week period with people living in smart homes. Prior research has surfaced the need to study multi-user issues in smart homes in more depth (e.g., ) taking advantage of the fact that smart homes are now deployed beyond early adopters, we study multi-user device sharing in situ among a variety of households. For instance, in the case of SmartThings, end users can provision multiple accounts but cannot currently give them different levels of access to information . However, today's commercial smart home platforms often provide only limited multi-user support. Unlike the popular personal technologies of recent decades, like laptops and smartphones, smart home devices, when placed in a shared environment, become shared devices used by and affecting multiple people. Smart home devices and platforms-including the Amazon Echo, Google Home, Samsung SmartThings, Philips Hue lights, Nest thermostats and cameras, and more-are becoming increasingly ubiquitous in the homes of end users. We make design recommendations for supporting long-term smart homes and non-expert household members.
We observe an outsized role of the person who installs devices in terms of selecting, controlling, and fixing them negotiations between parents and children and minimally voiced privacy concerns among co-occupants, possibly due to participant sampling.
Our findings surface tensions and cooperation among users in several phases of smart device use: device selection and installation, ordinary use, when the smart home does not work as expected, and over longer term use. We conducted a mixed-methods study with 18 participants (primarily people who drive smart device adoption in their homes) living in multi-user smart homes, combining semi-structured interviews and experience sampling. As these technologies are deployed in shared spaces, we seek to understand interactions among multiple people and devices in a smart home. Adoption of commercial smart home devices is rapidly increasing, allowing in-situ research in people's homes.
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